Ray Davis/John Bahcall-
John Bahcall, theorist, and Raymond Davis, Jr., experimentalist, are the scientists most responsible for the field of solar neutrino physics and neutrino astronomy. While contributions to nuclear physics and astrophysics are numerous and varied, this award honors their contribution to fundamental physics-the probable determination that the neutrino has a nonzero rest mass. Bahcall's calculations and Davis's experiments have proved that the sun is definitely powered by nuclear fusion reaction, and that electron neutrinos oscillate into many "flavors" on their way from the sun to the earth.
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